A plain washer, also known as a flat washer, is a thin, flat, circular metal disc with a central hole. It is primarily used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener, such as a bolt or nut, over a larger surface area, thereby reducing stress and preventing damage to the material being fastened. Plain washers also help in preventing loosening of fasteners due to vibration and can act as spacers. They are commonly made from materials like steel, stainless steel, brass, and nylon, catering to various industrial, automotive, and household applications. Available in multiple sizes and thicknesses, plain washers are essential components in ensuring the longevity and reliability of mechanical assemblies.