Bridges & Structures
Bridges & Structures

Bridge is a structure that spans horizontally between supports, whose function is to carry vertical loads. The prototypical bridge is quite simple—two supports holding up a beam—yet the engineering problems that must be overcome even in this simple form are inherent in every bridge: the supports must be strong enough to hold the structure up, and the span between supports must be strong enough to carry the loads. Spans are generally made as short as possible; long spans are justified where good

Steel is an important material for construction of bridges , rivets have been traditionally used. The riveted connections have served us well for over 150 years.  With changing times, now there is a  replacement of the rivets with some other type of connections and High Strength Friction Grip (HSFG) bolts have been found suitable for the same.

Basics about HSFG Bolts :- Rivets have been used historically for making field connections in steel girders subject to railway and highway loadings. Rivets, however, require skilled workers and elaborate equipment/arrangements.. Also, rivets are difficult to make when the grip length increases as the uniform heating of longer rivets and also ensuring that rivets do not cool down before the same is driven becomes problematic in field. One option for substitute for rivets, namely High Strength Friction Grip (HSFG) bolts is covered in these guidelines. HSFG bolts are high strength structural bolts which have been tightened such as to induce predefined tension in the. Due to the tension in the bolt, the interface between the plies (steel members in a joint) cannot move relative to each other because of the frictional resistance. The bolts act differently than normal bolts or rivets 

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Heavy Hex Structural Bolt

Heavy hex structural bolts are designed for steel-to-steel connections and include ASTM A325 and A490 specifications, which covers bolts from 1/2” up to 1-1/2” in diameter. Since these heavy hex bolts are intended for structural connections, they have shorter thread lengths than standard hex bolts.

Heavy Hex Bolts are designed for use in a variety of high temperature, high strength industrial applications, such as with steel fabrication and general construction. They feature a thicker head than standard or regular hex bolts, and offer a greater bearing surface that distributes the clamping load over a wider area.

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric : M12 to M42
Inch: 5/16" to 2"

Length

Metric : 20 mm to 300 mm
Inch: 7/8" to 12"

Hex Head Bolt

As the name implies, these bolts feature a hexagonal head or a hex head, that is suitable for tightening with a wrench or socket. A hex bolt may be fully threaded or may feature an unthreaded shoulder. Hex bolts are often used to fasten wood to wood, metal to wood, or metal to metal

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Size Range
Diameter

Inch : 5/16"to 2"
Metric : M8 to M42

Length

Metric: 20 mm to 300 mm
Inch : 7/8" to 12"

Hex Head Screw

Hex Cap Screws are fasteners featuring a hexagonal, six-sided, head with a washer face on the bearing surface and a chamfered point. Commonly used in construction and machine assemblies, hex cap screws are one of the most common fasteners used on the jobsite today.

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M8 to M42
Inch: 5/16 “to 2"

Length

Metric: 20 mm to 300 mm
Inch: 7/8" to 12

HSFG Bolt Assembly

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M12 - M48

Length

length upto 10

Round Head Rivit

A rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being installed, a rivet consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite to the head is called the tail. On installation, the rivet is placed in a punched or drilled hole, and the tail is upset, or bucked (i.e., deformed), so that it expands to about 1.5 times the original shaft diameter, holding the rivet in place .

Round head rivets from Pankaj International are permanent mechanical fasteners designed for robust and secure connections. Featuring a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end and a tail on the other, these rivets are installed by placing them into a punched or drilled hole and then deforming the tail to expand approximately 1.5 times its original diameter, ensuring a strong hold. Ideal for various industrial and construction applications, Pankaj International provides high-quality round head rivets, engineered for durability and reliability. Explore our range of high tensile bolts, nuts, screws, and washers.

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Size Range
Diameter

3/8" to 1-3/8"

Length

10 mm to 500 mm

Welding Shear Connecting Stud

Welding Shear Connecting Stud is a highly reliable fastening method for a wide variety of applications. The process can quickly weld almost any size or configuration of metal stud to a workpiece, with maximum weld penetration and reliability. Arc stud welding creates strong, one-sided welds on base metals as thin as 0.048 inch.

Welding shear connecting studs from Pankaj International offer a dependable fastening solution for various applications. This method enables the rapid welding of metal studs of nearly any size or configuration to a workpiece, ensuring maximum weld penetration and reliability. Arc stud welding creates robust, one-sided welds on base metals as thin as 0.048 inches. As a leading fasteners manufacturer in Ludhiana, India, Pankaj International provides high-quality welding shear connecting studs, engineered for durability and strength in diverse industrial settings

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M13, M16, M19M22, M25
Inch : 1/2", 5/8", 3/4", 7/8", 1"

Length

Length upto 10"

Hydraulic Power rig.

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Lock Bolts 3/8" to 7/8"

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Size Range
Diameter

3/8" to 7/8"

Length

3" to 12"

Flange Nut

Flange nuts are versatile fasteners featuring an integrated flange that acts as a washer, distributing the load and providing a secure grip. These nuts are ideal for applications where loosening from vibration is a concern, such as in automotive, construction, and machinery assemblies. Flange nuts eliminate the need for separate washers, simplifying installation and enhancing stability. Manufactured from high-quality materials, they offer excellent durability, corrosion resistance, and long-lasting performance.

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M8 to M42
Inch: 5/16" to 1-7/8"

Length

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Heavy Hex Nut

Heavy hex nuts are robust fasteners designed with a thicker and wider profile than standard hex nuts, providing superior strength and load-bearing capacity. These nuts are ideal for heavy-duty applications, including structural connections, bridge construction, and heavy machinery. Manufactured from high-quality materials, heavy hex nuts offer exceptional durability, resistance to corrosion, and reliable performance under high-stress conditions.

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M12 to M42
Inch: 1/2" to 1-7/8"

Length

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Hex Nut

Hex nuts are essential fasteners featuring a six-sided design for easy tightening with a standard wrench or socket. These versatile nuts are widely used in a variety of applications, including automotive, construction, and machinery assemblies, providing secure and reliable connections. Manufactured from high-quality materials, hex nuts offer excellent durability, resistance to corrosion, and long-lasting performance, making them a staple in any fastener toolkit.

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M8 to M80
Inch: 5/16" to 3"

Length

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Jam Nut

Jam nuts are thin, high-strength nuts designed to lock standard nuts in place and prevent loosening due to vibration and movement. Featuring a reduced thickness, jam nuts are ideal for applications requiring a compact yet secure fastening solution. Commonly used in automotive, machinery, and construction industries, jam nuts offer excellent durability and resistance to corrosion, ensuring reliable performance in various environments.

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M12 to M42
Inch: 1/2" to 2"

Length

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Tension Control Bolt

Tension control bolts from Pankaj International are designed to provide precise and reliable tension in structural connections. These bolts feature a unique design that ensures accurate tensioning through a built-in control feature, which prevents over-tightening and ensures consistent clamping force. Ideal for high-strength applications in construction and structural engineering, tension control bolts offer exceptional performance and safety. As a leading fasteners manufacturer in Ludhiana, India, Pankaj International provides high-quality tension control bolts engineered for durability and optimal load-bearing.

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Size Range
Diameter

M10 to M22

Length

75 mm to 200 mm

Direct Tension Indicator Washer

Direct Tension indicators(DTI Washers), also known as Auto Torque Indicators, are single-use mechanical load cells designed to indicate the magnitude of preload in the assembly, It shows if the bolt is properly tensioned, it is very useful while tensioning High Strength Structural bolts.

Direct tension indicator washers (DTIs) are innovative fasteners designed to provide a visual indication of proper bolt tension. These washers feature protrusions that flatten as the bolt is tightened to the specified tension, ensuring accurate and reliable tensioning in structural and high-stress applications. Ideal for use in construction, bridges, and heavy machinery, DTIs enhance safety and performance by guaranteeing correct tension in critical assemblies. Made from high-quality materials, these washers offer excellent durability and resistance to wear and environmental conditions.

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M16 - M36 as per BS EN 14399-9

Length

Hardened Steel Washer

Hardened washers are made physically stronger through hardening or carburizing, but are generally smaller in size than your standard washer. Hardened flat washers are designed with extra strength and can be used with Grade 8 bolts and other heat-treated fasteners.

Hardened steel washers are high-strength fasteners designed to provide superior load distribution and prevent wear in demanding applications. These washers are heat-treated to achieve maximum hardness and durability, making them ideal for use in heavy machinery, construction, and automotive assemblies. By offering increased resistance to deformation and corrosion, hardened steel washers ensure reliable and long-lasting performance in high-stress environments.

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M12 to M42
Inch: 1/2" to 2"

Length

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Plain Washer

Plain washers, also known as flat washers, are essential components used to distribute the load of a fastener, reducing surface wear and ensuring a secure assembly. These washers provide a smooth bearing surface, enhancing the stability of bolts, nuts, and other fasteners in various applications, including construction, automotive, and machinery. Manufactured from high-quality materials, plain washers offer excellent durability and resistance to corrosion, ensuring long-lasting performance and reliability.

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M8 to M42
Inch: 5/16" to 2"

Length

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Spring Lock Washer

Unlike flat washers, which are placed on both the bolt and nut side, spring washers only go on the nut side of the fastener to establish a bond. A spring washer offers axial flexibility that's intended to prevent loosening of the fastener with which it's paired.

Spring lock washers are essential fasteners used to prevent nuts and bolts from loosening due to vibration and torque. These washers are designed with a helical shape that applies continuous pressure on the fastener, maintaining a tight assembly. Ideal for various industrial, automotive, and machinery applications, spring lock washers ensure reliable and secure connections, enhancing the longevity and safety of assembled components. Made from high-quality materials, they offer excellent durability and resistance to corrosion and wear

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Size Range
Diameter

Metric: M8 to M30
Inch: 5/16” to 1¼"

Length

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